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Materialism

Philosophical

Eliminative/Illusionism

Mind-Brain Identity

Neurobiological

Neurobiological—Overview
Searle’s Biological Naturalism
Block’s Biological Reductionism
Bunge’s Emergent Materialism
Crick and Koch’s Neural Correlates of Consciousness
Brain Circuits and Cycles Theories
Baars’s and Dehaene’s Global Workspace Theory
Sergent’s Global Playground
Edelman’s Neural Darwinism and Reentrant Neural Circuitry
Tsao’s Compositional World Model of Symbol-Building Consciousness
W. Freeman's Intentional Neurodynamics
Calvin’s Darwinian Mechanism in Neocortex
Hawkins’s Thousand-Brain Remembered Modeling
He’s Joint Determinant Theory
Northoff’s Temporo-Spatial Sentience
Bach’s Cortical Conductor Theory
Prinz’s Neurofunctionalism: Attention Engenders Experience
Morsella’s Passive Frame for Action Conflict Resolution
Gray’s Brain-Built World-Model: Qualia, Comparators, Late-Error Detection
McComas's Hippocampal Memory-Stream Theory
Dalla Barba's Temporal Consciousness
Merker’s Midbrain-Centered Reality Space
D. Freeman's Primitive Felt Theory
Ward's Thalamic Dynamic Core and Min's Thalamic Reticular Gate
Schiff’s Anterior Forebrain Mesocircuit of Conscious Recovery
Dendritic Integration Theory
Bieberich's Recurrent Integration Fractal Theory
Hirstein’s Mindmelding
Libet's Mind Time: Readiness Potential, Unconscious Initiation, Delayed Awareness, Antedating Consciousness
Sapolsky’s Hard Incompatibilism
Mitchell’s Free Agents

Electromagnetic Field

Computational & Functionalism

Computational Theories
Turing’s Imitation, Machine Thought, and the Hidden Mind
Putnam’s Machine Functionalism
Blums’ Conscious Turing Machine
Dennett’s Multiple Drafts Model
Minsky’s Society of Mind
Sejnowski’s Computational Two Tiers and Traveling Waves
Agüera y Arcas’s Computational Functionalism
Bostrom’s Computational Functionalism
Grossberg’s Adaptive Resonance Theory
Malinkovic and Aru’s Biological Computationalism
Jackendoff’s Intermediate-Level Cognitive Representations
Complex Adaptive Systems Models
Critical Brain Hypothesis
Markwell’s Process Identity Theory
Mikkilineni and Michaels’s Emergent Optimization Process
Pribram’s Holonomic Brain Theory
O'Reilly-Shah's State Space Theory and Computational Dynamic Monism
Awret’s Holographic Correspondence Theory of Consciousness
Wang’s Layered Architecture and Cognitive Informatics
Bitar’s Architectural Theory of Consciousness
Li’s Conscious Machine: Qualia as Recalled Signal Groups
Mathematical Theories

Homeostatic & Affective

Freud's Surface Consciousness and Irreducible Affect
Predictive Theories (Top-Down)
Seth’s “Beast Machine” Theory
Damasio’s Homeostatic Feelings and Emergence of Consciousness
Panksepp’s Primal Affective Consciousness
Friston’s Free-Energy Principle and Active Inference
Solms’s Affect as the Hidden Spring of Consciousness
Carhart-Harris’s Entropic Brain Hypothesis
Giannakopoulos’s Entropy-Resisting Amplifier of Persistence
Entropic Theories
Budson’s Consciousness as a Memory System
Buzsáki’s Neural Syntax and Self-Caused Rhythms
Deacon’s Self-Organized Constraint and Emergence of Self
Pereira’s Sentience
Sebastian’s Predictive Machine
Marchetti’s Attention-Based Theory
Mansell’s Perceptual Control Theory
Rudrauf's Projective Consciousness Model
Pepperell’s Organization of Energy
Homeostatic and Affective Additional Theories

Embodied & Enactive

Relational

First-Order

Higher-Order

Language Relationships

Phylogenetic/Evolutionary

Phylogenetic/Evolutionary—Overview
Dennett’s Evolution of Minds
Godfrey-Smith’s Naturalist, Gradualist, Diversified Evolution of Consciousness
Birch’s Comparative Sentience: Consciousness Profiles Across Diverse Minds
LeDoux’s Deep Roots of Consciousness
Ginsburg and Jablonka’s Associative Learning During Evolution
Cleeremans and Tallon-Baudry’s Functional Value
Cabral-Calderin, Hechavarria, and Melloni’s Neuroethological Approach
McGinn’s Living Consciousness
Andrews's Consciousness Without Complex Brains
Reber’s Cellular Basis of Consciousness
Feinberg and Mallatt’s Ancient Origins of Consciousness
Halligan and Oakley’s Species-Enhancing Epiphenomenalism
Nichols’s Primal Eye
Holmgren’s Grainy, Atomic Feels
Sreedharan’s Affective Survival Theory
No Hard Problem in William James’s Psychology
Phylogenetic/Evolutionary Additional Theories

Non-Reductive Physicalism

Quantum & Dimensions

Quantum & Dimensions—Overview
Wigner–von Neumann’s Consciousness-Collapse: Experience at the Quantum Cut
Penrose-Hameroff’s Orchestrated Objective Reduction
Hameroff’s Consciousness Came Before Life
Neven's Quantum Superposition Formation
Stapp’s Collapsing the Wave Function via Asking “Questions”
Bohm’s Implicate-Explicate Order
Chalmers and McQueen’s Quantum Collapse
Wolfram’s Consciousness in the Ruliad
Faggin’s Quantum Information-Based Panpsychism
Kauffman’s Mind Mediating Possibles to Actuals
Carr’s Higher Dimensions and Mental Space
Smolin’s Causal Theory of Views
Pylkkänen’s Quantum Potential Energy and Active Information
Keppler’s Zero-Point Field
Strømme’s Universal Consciousness as Foundational Field
Beck-Eccles’s Quantum Processes in the Synapse
Fisher’s Quantum Cognition
Rourk’s Catecholaminergic Neuron Electron Transport Theory
Cavelier's Entangled Spins at the NMDA Receptor
Shiah’s Cryptochrome Theory
Torday’s Cellular and Cosmic Consciousness
Globus’s Quantum Thermofield Brain Dynamics
Poznanski’s Dynamic Organicity Theory
Gambini and Pullin’s Quantum Panprotopsychism
King’s Symbiotic Existential Cosmology
Pacheco’s Science of Unity
Tozzi’s Multidimensional Brain
Morrison’s Position Selecting Interactionism
Van Dusen’s Hyperspatial Dimension Theory
QBism’s Primitive, Participatory Experience: Quantum Agency and the First-Person World
Rovelli’s Relational Physics
Quantum/Dimensional Additional Theories

Information

Panpsychisms

Neutral Monism

Neutral Monism—Overview
Spinoza’s One Reality: Embodied Mind and Graded Consciousness
Leibniz's Monads
James’s Radical Empiricism of Monistic Pure Experience
Whitehead's Experience is Fundamental, Consciousness is Not
Russellian Monism
Davidson’s Anomalous Monism
Velmans’s Reflexive Monism
Strawson’s Realistic Monism and Real Materialism
Polkinghorne’s Dual-Aspect Monism
Teilhard de Chardin’s Evolving Consciousness
Pauli’s One World, Two Aspects: Psychophysical Complementarity
Atmanspacher’s Dual-Aspect Monism
Pereira’s Triple-Aspect Monism
Ramachandran’s New Physics and Neuroscience
Tegmark’s State of Matter
QRI’s State-Space, Qualia Formalism, Valence Realism
Leslie’s Consciousness Inside an Infinite Mind
Neutral Monism Additional Theories
Pluralist and Relational Metaphysics—Additional Theories

Dualisms

Dualisms—Overview
Philosophical History of Dualism
Historical and Traditional Dualisms
Sāṃkhya's Pure Witness and the Material Mind
Nyāya’s Contingent Consciousness of the Enduring Self
Aristotle’s Hylomorphism
Avicenna’s Flying Man and Self-Present Soul
Aquinas’s Hylomorphism
Descartes’s Substance Dualism
Malebranche’s Divine Occasionalism: Inner Sensation and Phenomenal Experience
Bergson’s Multiplicity, Duration, Perception, Memory
Property Dualism
Epiphenomenalism (Dualism)
Swinburne’s Substance Dualism
Composite Dualism
Stump’s Thomistic Dualism
Feser’s Neo-Thomistic, Neo-Aristotelian, Common-Sense Dualism
Moreland’s Christian Soul
Interactive Dualism
Popper and Eccles's Interactionist Dualism: Three Worlds and the Liaison Brain
Pitts’s Interactionist Dualism: Energy Conservation and Mental Causation
Chalmers’s Naturalistic Dualism
Libet's Conscious Mental Field
Emergent Dualism
Hasker's Unified Experience, Conscious Self, Causal Mind Requires a Brain-Generated Nonphysical Substance
Kind’s Dualism 2.0
Nida-Rümelin’s Subject-Body Dualism
Mascari’s Qualion-Mind Paradigm
Soul in the Hebrew Bible and Jewish Philosophy
Soul in the New Testament and Christian Philosophy
Soul in Islamic Philosophy
God as the Supplier of Souls
Indian Personal Consciousness: Plural Selves and Real Matter
Gomatam’s GV Vedanta Consciousness
Soul in Indigenous Religions
Trialism
Realms of the Soul
Theosophy’s Eclectic Soul and Consciousness
Steiner’s Esoteric Soul and Consciousness
Lorber’s Soul and Spirit
Dualism Additional Theories
Nonphysical Component in the Human Mind

Idealisms

Idealisms—Overview
Philosophical History of Idealism
Indian Cosmic Consciousness
Śaṅkara's Self-Luminous Nondualism
Sri Ramana’s Self as Pure Consciousness
Sri Aurobindo’s Evolving Consciousness
Sarkar’s Infinite Supreme Consciousness
Kashmir Shaivism’s Dynamic Non-Dualism
Bhartṛhari’s Linguistic Idealism
Buddhism’s Empty, Illusory Phenomenal Consciousness
Nāgārjuna’s Empty Consciousness: Experience Without Essence
Yogācāra's Mind-Only: How Store Consciousness Makes Experience Cohere Without External Objects
Dao De Jing’s Constant Dao
Kant’s Transcendental Idealism
Fichte’s Self-Positing I
Schelling’s Nature, Spirit, and the Identity of Mind
Hegel’s Dialectical Consciousness in the Development of Spirit
Schopenhauer’s The World as Will
Berkeley’s Immaterialist Idealism
Bradley’s Absolute Idealism
Sprigge’s Absolute Idealism
Kastrup’s Analytic Idealism
Hoffman’s Conscious Realism: The Case Against Reality
McGilchrist’s Relational, Creative-Process Idealism
Bentley Hart’s Consciousness, Being, God
Chopra’s Only the Whole Is Conscious
How Consciousness Becomes the Physical Universe
Theise’s and Kafatos’s Fundamental Awareness and Complexity
Kak’s Universal Consciousness
Goswami’s Self-Aware Universe
Spira’s Non-Duality
Nader’s All There Is
Ward’s Personal Idealism: Souls as Embodied Agents Created by God
Albahari’s Perennial Idealism
Builes’s Modal Idealism
Yetter-Chappell’s Non-Theistic Idealism
Arendsen’s Complex Idealism
Richheimer’s Ground Substance of Creation
Meijer’s Universal Knowledge Field
Samarawickrama’s Fundamental, Frequency-Bearing Field
Vișan’s Self-Reference
Pulido-Moyano’s Consciousness Endomitosis Theory
Forrest’s Intelligent Idealism
Shen’s Generative Principle of Physical Reality
Idealism Additional Theories

Phenomenology

Phenomenology—Overview
Peirce’s Phaneroscopic Semiotics
James’s Stream of Thought/Consciousness
Brentano’s Intentionality and Self-Awareness
Husserl’s Transcendental Phenomenology
Meinong's Self-Presenting Experience
Gurwitsch’s Structured Field of Experience
Heidegger’s Dasein (Being-In-The-World) Without Qualia
Sartre’s Pre-reflective Consciousness as For-Itself
Merleau-Ponty's Embodied Perception and the Lived Body
Henry’s Auto-Affective Self-Revelation of Life
Zahavi’s Pre-Reflective For-Me-Ness
D.W. Smith’s Three-Facet Ontological Phenomenology
Crane’s Intentionalism: Phenomenal Character as Mode and Content
Varela’s Neurophenomenology
Thompson's Phenomenology: Waking, Dreaming, Sleeping, Pure Awareness
Krishnamurti's Consciousness Is Its Content
Prashant’s Ego Before Consciousness
Winkelman's Integrative Mode of Neurognostic Structures
Bitbol’s Radical Neurophenomenology
Gallagher’s Embodied Self and Interactive Consciousness
Petitmengin’s Micro-Phenomenology
Shanon's Cartography and Structured Spectrum
Derrida’s Deconstruction of Self-Presence
Dennett’s Heterophenomenology

Anomalous & Altered States

Anomalous & Altered States—Overview
James's Plural Consciousness, Brain as Filter of a Wider Consciousness
Broad’s Emergent Mind and Psychic/Psi Factors
Huxley’s Mind-At-Large Filter Theory
Jung’s Collective Unconscious and Synchronicity
Radin’s Challenge to Materialism
Tart’s Emergent Interactionism
Mishlove’s Beyond-The-Brain Filtered, Survival Consciousness
Schlitz’s Theory of Mind
Josephson’s Psi-Informed Models
Gebser's Ever-Present Origin: How Space, Time, and Self Change Shape Across Mutations of Consciousness
Wilber’s Integral Theory
Combs’s Chaotic Attractor and Autopoietic Systems
Ferrer’s Participatory Enactive Realism
Schooler’s General Resonance Theory and Subjective Time
Sheldrake’s Morphic Fields
Barušs’s Meaning Fields
Grinberg’s Syntergic/Neuronal Field Theory
Near-Death Experiences, Survival, Past Lives
DOPS’s Consciousness Research and Theory
Shiah’s Contentless Consciousness Theory
Bitbol’s Phenomenological Ontology
T. Campbell’s Theory of Everything
Mossbridge’s Informational Substrate as Collective Unconscious
Hiller’s Eternal Discarnate Consciousness
Swimme’s Cosmogenesis
Khasho’s NDE-Enabled Field-Substrate Translation Model
Graboi’s Three-Aspect Model
Noël’s Nested Field Theory
Harp’s Universal or God Consciousness
Johnson and Debold’s Urantia Theocosmic Cosmopsychism
Dreaming and Phenomenal Consciousness
Hobson’s Dreaming Protoconsciousness
Meditation and the Brain
Psychedelic Theories of Consciousness
Anomalous and Altered States Additional Theories

Challenge

Nagel’s Mind and Cosmos
McGinn’s Ultimate Mystery (Mysterianism)
Fodor's Principled Abstention: Intentionality Bracketing Phenomenality
Tallis’s Anti-Neuromania Skepticism
Wittgenstein's Grammatical Fiction
Hacker’s Skepticism
Schwitzgebel's Unreliable Introspection, Indeterminate Boundaries, Metaphysical Humility
Pinker’s Naturalism
Eagleman’s Possibilianism
Shermer’s Known Unknown…and Possibly Unknowable
S. Harris’s Mystery of Consciousness
Gabriel’s New Realism and Field of Sense
Conway Morris's Convergent Sentience Beyond Materialism
Levin’s Technological Approach to Mind Everywhere
Nagasawa’s Mind-Body Problem in an Infinitely Decomposable Universe
Zuboff’s Universalism
Cohen’s Ultra-Fine-Tuned Personal Consciousness
Musser’s “Is It Really So Hard?”
Reason's No-Go Theorem against Materialism/Supervenience
Owen’s Mind-Body Powers: NCC are Philosophically and Religiously Neutral
Champagne’s Semiotic Account
Merriam’s Calculus of Qualia as Logical Primitives
Gómez-Marín’s Un-Theory
Delaflor's Model Dependent Ontology
Akselrud's Explanatory Faculty: Consciousness as Internalized Explanation
Hartford’s Eternal Conjecture
Raman’s Cosmic Significance
Davies’s Consciousness in the Cosmos
Challenge Additional Theories
CROW’s Funhouse of Consciousness
Siler's Art of Consciousness
RLK Reflections