Higher-Order

According to Higher-Order Theories of consciousness, what makes a perception conscious is the presence of an accompanying cognitive state about the perception. This means that phenomenal consciousness is not immediate awareness of sensations. Rather, it is the higher-level sensing of those sensations, a product of second-order thoughts about first-order perceptions or mental states—a representation of a representation, a two-level process.

  • Higher-Order—Overview
  • Armstrong’s Higher-Order Perception Theory
  • Rosenthal’s Higher-Order Thought
  • Kriegel’s Cross-Order Self-Representation
  • Cleeremans’s Learned Consciousness via Radical Plasticity
  • Lycan’s Homuncular Functionalism
  • Lau’s Perceptual Reality Monitoring Theory
  • LeDoux’s Higher-Order Theory of Emotional Consciousness
  • Humphrey’s Mental Representations and Brain Attractors
  • Metzinger’s No-Self Representational Theory of Subjectivity
  • Brown’s “HOROR” Higher-Order Representationalism
  • Melnyk’s Realization Physicalism
  • Thagard’s Neural Representation, Binding, Coherence, Competition
  • Deacon’s Symbolic Communication (Human Consciousness)
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